Strategy, Independence, and Governance of State-Owned Enterprises in Asia
نویسندگان
چکیده
State-owned enterprises (SOEs)—refer to Sect. 1.2.1 below for a definition—are important, especially in an Asian context. According Fortune Magazine’s (2018) 500 list, three out of the world’s top-10 largest companies by revenues were Chinese SOEs: State Grid (rank 2), Sinopec 3), and China National Petroleum 4). Depending on degree direct indirect government support, next five ranks contain at least group near-state enterprises—near-state meaning which state either is minor shareholder or has institutionalized stake: Royal Dutch Shell, Toyota Motor, Volkswagen, BP, Exxon Mobil. This only leaves two ten neither belonging nor being backed state, Walmart 1) Berkshire Hathaway 10).
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: ADB institute series on development economics
سال: 2021
ISSN: ['2363-9032', '2363-9040']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8574-6_1